Everyone has a stake in issues
like the prevention of nuclear war, and indeed of conventional war, like the
potential war between Israel and Iran or the U.S. and Iran, wars that would
only delay, but not resolve, conflicts that portend nuclear confrontation down
the time-stream. It’s hard not to have an interest in the present troubling
rightward swing in Israeli politics (http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/01/21/130121fa_fact_remnick)
because it shows a hardening of differences between Israel and the Palestinians
over Jewish settlements, a “local” conflict with regional and global relevance.
As an ordinary citizen, I’ve
never studied international relations or participated in negotiations, but I’ve
met a few diplomats. I once had a conversation with a man who had served the
U.S. in an African country. I was astonished at his crude and unapologetic
bigotry. It was very difficult to imagine this person making a good-faith
effort to understand the interests and cultural frames of reference of his
assigned country. Later I had the opportunity to get to know Robert White,
Carter’s ambassador to El Salvador, who was as judicious and thoughtful as my
earlier acquaintance had been patronizingly colonialist.
Another thoughtful figure I got
to know in the 1980s, John Mack, was not a diplomat but a psychiatrist with a
passion for exploring the thought-processes of diplomats or generals trying to
represent their countries’ interests. Dr. Mack won a Pulitzer for his brilliant
biography of T.E. Lawrence, the British soldier who tried to influence events
in the Middle East during World War I using his extraordinary comprehension of
Arab language and culture.
Mack argued in a later paper written
in response to the horrors of 9-11 (http://johnemackinstitute.org/Deeper_Causes_2003_06_IONS.pdf)
that it was crucial in the nuclear age that we understand the motives of the
“other,” in contrast to President Bush’s simplistic formulations, such as “they
hate us for our freedom.” In the years since 9-11, Mack’s orientation has only
grown more important, and ought to be a requirement of any diplomat’s training.
A brief excerpt from his paper
gets to the heart of the matter:
The dualistic
mind is not by nature self-reflective and, inasmuch as it attributes good to
its own motives and actions, it will find the opposite of good in the other.
Negative or
aggressive ideas and feelings that are not consistent with self-regard must be
pushed away, or projected outward and attributed to the enemy. A vulnerable and
frightened public can all too easily be enrolled into this dangerous way of
thinking. Psychologists, social scientists, spiritual leaders, and political
professionals (as well as government and other institutional leaders who understand
this basic truth) have a responsibility to do whatever they can in speaking and
writing to change the public conversation so that the role of one’s own group
in the creation of political conflict can be acknowledged and examined, and new
possibilities brought forth to create a genuine global community. . .
Then we can
begin to look at how the mind deals with differences, and is prone to the
creation of enemies, especially when our very existence appears to be
threatened. Then we can begin to look beyond mere tolerance to true knowing of
the other. Only the mind that has recognized and integrated and transcended its
primitive dualistic habits can begin to identify with the suffering and rage of
geographically distant people. Only then can we see the aggression and
ignorance that underlies our dominance and neglect, and perceive our own role
in the creation of victims far from our own shores.
When U.S. diplomats sit down
with their Iranian or Israeli or other counterparts, do they set a context for
discussion based in this depth of mutuality, or in dualistic alienation? Either
a nuclear war that no one can win will occur somewhere ahead, or all parties will
build on their mutual interest that such a no-win does not occur. This shared
knowledge of stark choices precedes trust. Trust in fact can only be built out
of this context, because it is the common reality for all seven billion of us.
In this sense, international relations based upon deception and threat, from
whatever corner, have become oddly empty, obsolete, and irrelevant. More
relevant is the kind of diplomacy that actively seeks to strengthen the
security (the real security of
nourishing food, clean water, and meaningful work, not the pseudo-security that
comes who possesses the most arms) of adversaries in the certain knowledge that
only what strengthens everyone’s security strengthens our own.
Four foundational understandings
that give ‘”enemies” something to talk about with each other: First, even a
relatively small nuclear exchange could lead to the well-known phenomenon of
“nuclear winter,” affecting not just the parties in conflict but everyone else
on the planet. Second, environmental challenges posed not just by nuclear
winter but also by climate change and vast systems of pollution in the ocean,
soil and air make it impossible not to acknowledge shared survival and security
goals that have no military solution. Third, the people across the table are as
real as we are. Our own survival and theirs are interdependent, however much we
disagree. Fourth, parties to any
negotiation of conflict on earth share everything
even if we forget it in moments of heat. We share the big transnational
challenges, and we share limbic brains that, when threatened, revert quickly to
default settings of “us-and-them.” But it helps us stay human with each other if we acknowledge
that reality.
How refreshing if the next revelation
of secret Wikileaks cables showed that diplomats understood the real context of
their country’s self-interest: we’re all in this together.
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